Short Definition of Mathematics

Notation: Writing a number in figures is called notation.

Numeration: Writing a number in words is called numeration.

Numeral: A group of digits, denoting a number is called a numeral. i.e., 4628, 76590, 803742 etc.are numerals.

Factor: A number, which divides the divident completely leaving no remainder, is known as the number 's Factor of the number.

Multiple: A dividend into which a factor can divide is called the Multiple of that number.

             30÷5=6

Here,30 is a multiple of 6.

Even Numbers: All multiples of 2 are called even numbers. 

Odd Numbers: Numbers which are not multiples of 2 are called odd numbers.

Prime Numbers: Each of the numbers which have exactly two factors, namely 1 and itself, is called a prime number.

Example: The numbers 2,3,5,7,11,13.........,etc. are prime numbers.

Composite Numbers: Numbers having more than two factors are known as composite numbers.

Example: The numbers 4,6,8,9,10,12,14.........., etc. are composite numbers.

Twin Primes: Two consecutive odd prime numbers are known as twin primes.

Prime Triplet: A set of three consecutive prime numbers, differing by 2, is called a prime triplet.3,5 and 7 is the only prime triplet.

Co - Primes: Two numbers are said to be co-primes if they do not have a common factor other than 1.

Perfect Numbers: If the sum of all the factors of a number is two times the number, then the number is called a perfect number.

Prime Factor: A Factor of a given number is called prime factor.

Prime Factorization: To express a given number as a product of prime factors is called prime factorization.

Natural Numbers: All counting numbers are called natural numbers.

Whole Numbers: All natural numbers together with '0' are called whole numbers.

Integers: All natural numbers, 0 and negatives of counting numbers are called integers.

Positive Integers: The numbers 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,........ are called positive integers.

Negative Integers: The numbers -1,-2,-3,-4,-5,-6,-7,-8,....... are called negative integers.