Revision notes class 9th S.ST (Geography)ch:1

       India size and location

                 Chapter:1

🔅India is an ancient civilization but now it is a developing nation .It has shown remarkable progress in various fields.

🔅Location

 

🔅India lies entirely in the Northern hemisphere.

🔅India's mainland extends between 8 degree 4'N and 37 degree 8'N latitudes ,and 68 degree 7'E and 97 degree 25'E longitudes.

🔅The Tropic of Cancer (23 degree 30'N)divides India into two almost equal parts.

🔅The island groups of Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar are also part of India.

🔅Size

🔅Covering an area of 3.28 million square kilometres, India's total area is 2.4 % of the total geographical area of the world.

🔅India is the world's seventh largest country with a land boundary of about 15,200 km ,with total length of the coastline being 7,516.6 km.

🔅India's East -West extent appears to be smaller than the north-south extent.

🔅India latitudinal and longitudinal extent is about 30 degrees.

🔅India's standard time is based on 82.30 degrees E meridian, which passes near Mirzapur in UP.

🔅Latitudinal extent influences duration of the day and night .

🔅India is bounded by the young fold mountains in the north west, north and North East.

🔅India and the world

🔅The Indian landmass is centrally located between west and east asia.

🔅The trans Indian ocean routes connect countries in the west and countries in the East.

🔅India's protruding Deccan Peninsula helped India to establish close contacts with West Asia, Africa and Europe ,south -east and East Asia.

🔅India's contacts with the world via land routes are much more than her Maritime contacts.

🔅India is the only nation which has a ocean named after it.

🔅India has contributed a lot to the world in forms of ideas ,philosophies (Upanishad ,Ramayan ,panchtantra) and mathematics (Indian numerals and decimal system).

🔅In exchange, India's architecture was influenced by Greek sculpture and architectural styles from West Asia .

🔅India's Neighbours

🔅India has an important position in South Asia and has 29 states and 7 union territories.

🔅India shares its boundaries with Pakistan ,Afghanistan ,China ,Nepal, Bangladesh ,Myanmar and Bhutan.

🔅The southern neighbours across the sea consists of the two island countries, namely Maldives and Sri Lanka.

🔅Sri Lanka is separated from India by Pak strait, a narrow strip of sea.

🔅India always have and had strong geographical and historical links with her neighbours. India stands apart from the rest of Asia.

🔅Do you know?

🔅The southernmost point of the Indian union" Indira point" got submerged under the sea water in 2004 during the 'Tsunami'.

🔅Since the opening of the Suez canal in 1869, India's distance from Europe has been reduced by 7,000 km.

🔅Before 1947, there were two types of states in India .The provinces and the princely states. Provinces were ruled directly by British officials, who were appointed by the viceroy.  Princely states were ruled by local,hereditary rulers, who acknowledged sovereignty in return for local autonomy.